Building construction



Aug. 23, 1921; 1,640,091

J. a. s. MURRAY. THE DUKE OF ATHOLL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 18. 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet l Inventor w. i W Himml- Aug. 23, 1927.

J. G. s. MURRAY, THE DUKE QF ATHOLL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1 Filed March 18. 1926 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Fig.2.

Aug. 23, 1927. V 1,640,091

J. G. S. MURRAY, THE DUKE OF ATHOLL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 18. 1926 4 SheetSShe Fig.4.

b Inventor m MAL 1 m Aug. '23, 1927. ,640,091

J. G. s.-MuRRAY. THE DUKE OF ATHOLL BUILDING CONSTRUCTION Filed March 1a. 1926 v 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fig.1l.

Inventor M041 'Attorney Patented Aug. 23, 1927.

UNITED STATES PATENT ol-"rics;

JOHN GEORGE STEWART, MURRAY, THE DUKE or nTnoLL, or DUNKELD, scormn.

1 surname CON'STRU'CTION- Application filed March s, 1926, ser al No. 95,122, and in Great Britain August 14, 1925.

This invention relates to houses and like structures, and especially to those of the kind built of metal frame members,- supporting outer'wall plates of metal or other material and aninner wall or covering of plates of asbestos sheeting or other material or of metal. I I The invention has among its objects to provide an improved construction adapted to be readily erected, and generally to provide a construction whose elements may be readily manufactured at low cost.

According to the invention the framework is so constructed and the wall plates are of such form and dimensions that the latter may be assembled from the interior of the structure. The frame of the structure comprises columns or stanchions that may be of T section, except at the corners where they may be of angle section, and the wall plates may be bolted to the flanges of the columns or stanchions and may be of such depth that all the bolts by which the wall plates are secured to the columns or stanchions and to each other may be inserted in position from within the structure.

The invention further comprises the few tur-cs hereinafter described.

The invention is hereinafter described witlrrefcrence to the accompanying digraminatic drawings in'which:

Figure 1 is a. part cross-sectional View of a twostoried house of the semi-detached type constructed according to the invention the figure representing a cross-section on the lines 1-1, Figure 3, in the direction indicated by the arrows.

Figure 2 is a cross-section on the line 2-2, Figure 3 in t-hedirection indicated by the an: rows.

Figure 3 is a part sectional plan view.

Figure 1 is a part sectional plan view on the line 4 lr F igure 2.

Figure 5 is a detail cross-sectional view illustrating the method of connecting the outer wall plates to the columns or stanchions.

Figure 6 is a part sectional elevation corresponding to Figure 5.

Figure 7 is a detail View in part sectional elevation illustrating the construction of the partition walls.

Figure 8 is a part side elevation illustratmg the manner in which a window opening may be provided, and Figures 9 and I0 arepart cross sectional andpart sectional plan detail views on the lines 99 and-10-10 respectively, Figure 8.

Figures 11 to 16 show complete views of a two-storied house of the semi-detached type to which the invention is applied; F igure 11 is at front elevation; Figure 12 is a rear elevation; Figure 13 is a side elevation; Figure 14 is a ground floor plan; Figure 15 is a first floor plan; and Figure 16 is a section on the line 16-16, Figure 14.

In carrying the invention into effect according to the construction with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic vdrawings, the frame-work of the house comprises steel columns or stanchions a of Tsection,

except at the corners 'where columns or stanchions, 0, (Figures 3 and 4) of anglesection are provided, which columns, or

stanchions a, a are bolted to girders b or the 3 like (Figure 1) embedded in or supported upon a concrete foundation 0. The columns or stanchions a, a serve for the; support of joists d, bearers and horizontal bracing where necessary, and also for the support of tire roof trusses e. together with the necessa bracing and ties at the eaves level. The joists (1 may be supported at a centralor intermediate position by means of a longitudinally disposed. girder or girders d extending from one external wall to the other; and joists 03 may extend between and be supported by the joists d, and similar ceiling joists may be provided at the first floor.

The joists d and d at the ends adjacent the external walls are supported by the columns or stanchions a in any suitable mannerv as, for example, by lengths of angle iron moored by plates or cleats or otherwise to the web part a of the columns or stanchions.

Similarly, where an internal wall is provided in the plane of one of the joists (Z such joists may be similarly supported by columns or stanchions forming part of the internal wall which may be constructed s1milarly to the external walls and in the manner hereinafter described.

The outer wall plates a which advantageously are of steel are applied in pos1- tion between the columns or stanchions a, a from the interior of the structure, and are secured to the flanges of the columns or stanchions a, a by such means as bolts and cotter pins f as in Figure 5 or by any other suitable means such as rivets. Thus the length of the outer wall plates a corresponds to thewidth apart of the columns or stanchions a, a and the web part a of the cross-section of the stanchions a is disposed inwardly, and the transverse part of the cross-section is disposed parallel with the outer wall plates. The application of the outer wall plates a is commenced at the bottom and proceeds upwards, and the wall plates a are of such depth that it is possible to insert from within the frame structure the bolts, rivets or the like by which the plates are secured to one another and to the columns or stanchions a, a Thus, all outside scaffolding may be dispensed with.

The outer wall plates a are advantageously provided with horizontally overlapping parts. Thus the upper overlapped part a" of each plate a may be bent to form a recess of a depth equal to the thickness of the wall plates, for the accommodation of the adjacent end of the plate next above, so that the outer faces of the respective plates a may thus lie substantially in thesame plane Packing strips a for example, of lead, bitumen or other jointing material or lutings or coating of red lead, bitumen or the like are advantageously provided between the plates at the overlapping joints, so that the latter are rendered weatherproof; and similar means may be provided for packing the joints at other positions such as at the junction of the plates with the columns or stanchions.

The upper overlapped part a of each plate a may be bent to form a horizontally disposed inwardly directed flange a which serves to stiffen the structure, and to support the inner wall a For this latter purpose vertically disposed lengths a of wood may be secured by any suitable means at determined intervals, to the inwardly protruding flanges a of the outer wall plates a for example, in the use of wooden nailing strips a which are secured upon the inwardly protruding flanges a, for example by means of wood screws a Horizontally disposed lengths a may be provided between the lengths a of wood to complete the framework for the support of sheets or plates a of asbestos or other material to form the inner wall. Thus it will be understood that a continuous air space may be provided between the outer wall plates a and the inner sheets or plates a forming the outer and inner walls respectively. The cross framing a a may be ex tended inwardly to form headings, picture rails or the like.

The floors 9 may be provided of tongue and groove boarding which in the case of the ground floor, may be laid upon a damp proof coating or covering which is applied upon the top of a suitable foundation 0 such as breeze concrete set upon the concrete foundation 0 and, in the case of the first floor, may be supported upon the joists d, d 05 before referred to.

The ceilings k may be provided of sheets of asbestos or other suitable material fixed, in the case of the ground floor, to the underside of the joists d, al (Z supporting the first floor and, in the case of the first floor, to stringers 6 supported between the lower ties of the roof trusses e and angles a provided at the top of the walls for attachment to the roof structure, and the ceiling sheets may be secured in position by binding strips k applied over the joints between the sheets or. in any other suitable manner. Or again, the ceilings on the first floor may be supported from joists as in the case of the ground floor. The underside of the girder al may be covered by sheets or plates 71?.

The party or internal walls 2' between the two parts of the structure in the plane of the girder or joist (Z or between adjacent rooms may be constructed in a similar manner to the main or external walls, that is, they may comprise a series of similar columns or stanchions such as 2' (Figures 2 and 7) advantageously bolted to a girder or base plate 6 or the like embedded in the concrete foundation 0, similar wall plates 2' being secured to the columns or stanchions 2' in the manner hereinbefore described. Means comprising, for example, vertically disposed lengths i and longitudinally disposed lengths i of wood form a framing on each side of the wall plates 2' for the support of the asbestos sheeting or like material forming the inner wall 7 i by which a double air space is provided.

The window openings 3' may, as illustrated in Figures 9 and 10, be formed by means of metal side angles 7' and metal top and bottom angles j bolted to the adjacent outer wall plates a The bottom of the window ppenings y' may advantageously be provided approximately at the level of, one of the inwardly directed horizontal flanges a V of the outer wall, whereby the angle j forming the bottom of the window opening j may be applied upon the flange a and a ticallydisp'os'ed part 7'" of the angle 7' and tl'ie'ov wed part (1* of the adjacent wall ngle j forming the top of ower part of an outer it secured convenas bolts f and cotter above the angle j and en ti .-cc of the wall plate a 7" may be interposed, which s I adapted to break joint with l the plates (4 at either side dow openi lg The window .dow panes may be held in posisuitable ileans such as luting pins 7, and immedr The enter wall plates a adjacent the ground may be extended downwardly beyond a re ate formed in the concrete foundation 1 overlapping joint may be pros 6* 0 being conveniently disby t lowermost wall plates are 'l poses where h held between the The roof of transverse rafter trusses 6 connected together building may comprise es e 6, and other bracing members, the roofing preferably consisting of clay tiles e which are nailed to battens 6 carried by the rafter members 6. lhe rafter members 6 convenientlv d to the eaves boxing formed by an old Q upward extension at of the upper wall plates (6 and may serve for the support of the guttering e The horizontal and vertical joints between the sheets or plate of the inner wall may hav binding strips applied over them or the sheets or plhtQS may be laid in close contact at their edges t form a continuous surface and the inner wall thus formed may have applied upon it paint, paper or other covering.

iigaiii, the inner faces of the outer wall plates may have a covering of tar or other similar composition upon, which a substance such as granulated cork or any other porous or mois u'enbsorbing substance may be applied as a means for av ring the deposit of moisture in the cavity between the inner and outer walls.

Doors, staircases, cupboards and the usual conveniences may be provided, and stoves or other ue us of heating may be installed as indicated in the sect onal views Figures l and 15.

It will be understood that the invention is not limited to the details of construction hereinbefore describedpnor to particular materials of construction.

I claim:

1. A structure comprising vertically disposed wall frame members of T-shaped cross-section, the web part of which crosssection is inwardly disposed, wall plates disiveniently. applied posed between theweb parts of the crosssection of adjacent frame members and against the inwardly disposed faces of the T-head part of the cross-section of the frame substantially as described.

2. A structure comprising vertically disposed wall frame members, Wall plates disposed in a vertical series between adjacent frame members, the lower endof each plate overlapping the upper end of another plate and the upper ends of the plates having inwardly disposed horizontal flanges adapted to support other parts of the structure, and means for the connection of the said wall plates to the said frame members, substantially as described.

3. A structure comprising vertically disposed wall frame members, wall plates disposed between adjacent frame members, the said wall plates having inwardly disposedhorizontal flanges, a frame supported from the said inwardly disposed horizontal flanges of the wall plates, sheeting applied upon the said frame and forming an inner wall or covering, and means for the connection of the said wall plates to the said frame members, substantially as described.

LA structure comprising Vertically disposed Wall frame members of T-shaped cross-section, the web part of which crosssection is inwardly disposed, wall plates disposed between the web parts of the crosssection of adjacent frame members and against the inwardly'disposed faces of the T-head part of the cross-section of the frame members, the said wall plates having inwardly disposed horizontal flanges, a frame supported from the said inwardlydisposed hOIlZOIltill flanges of the wall plates, sheeting applied upon the said frame and form ing an inner wall or covering, and means for the connection of the said wall plates to the said T-head part of the cross-section of the said frame members, substantially as described.

5. A structure comprising vertically disposed wall frame members, wall plates disposed between adjacent frame members, the said wall plates having inwardly disposed horizontal flanges, nailing strips secured upon the said inwardly disposed flanges of the wall plates, a frame supported from the said nailing strips, sheeting applied upon section of adjacent frame members and against the inwardly disposed faces of the -T-head part of the cross-section of the frame members, the said wall plates having overlapping horizontal parts and inwardly (lisposed horizontal flanges, and means for the connection of the said wall plates to the said T-head part of the cross-section of the frame members, substantially as described.

. 7. A structure comprising vertically disposedj wall frame members of T-shaped cross-section, the web part of which crosssection is inwardly disposed, wall plates dis- 'posed between the web parts of the cross section of adjacent frame members and against the inwardly disposed faces of the T-head part of the cross-section of the frame members, the said wall plates having-in- Wardly disposed horizontal flanges, nailing strips secured upon the said inwardly disd flanges of the Wall plates, a frame ported from the said nailing stripsysheeb 1 applied upon the said frame and formr 4 an inner wall or covering, and means for the connection of the said wall plates to the said T-head part of the cross-section of the frame members,

substantially as described.

ATHOLL. 

